Population dynamics: Analysis of factors affecting population growth trends and education level distribution in Cilacap Regency

Abstract

Background: Population growth is influenced by births, migration, and deaths, while its relationship with economic conditions, unemployment, land availability, and access to education is an important regional issue. Education is a right for all Indonesian citizens as stipulated in Article 31 Paragraph 1 of the 1945 Constitution. This study aims to analyze factors associated with population growth and the distribution of education levels in Cilacap Regency based on census data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). Methods: This research uses a quantitative descriptive approach and an ex-post facto design, as the variables are not manipulated because the events have already occurred. Secondary data from publicly available government sources were analyzed to describe population growth and the distribution of education levels in Cilacap Regency over the last five years. Findings: The descriptive analysis shows that population growth in Cilacap Regency is associated with birth, death, and migration rates. Economic conditions are also observed alongside population growth patterns. The distribution of education levels is associated with internal factors, including interests, motivation, and learning abilities, and external factors, including family support, social environment, economic conditions, and educational facilities. Economic conditions and educational facilities are particularly highlighted in relation to education distribution. Conclusion: Population growth and education distribution in Cilacap Regency show patterns associated with demographic and socioeconomic conditions. Improved economic conditions may support broader access to higher education. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provides a descriptive analysis of population growth and education distribution in Cilacap Regency over the last 5 years, highlighting demographic and socioeconomic patterns based on publicly available BPS data.