Cultural identity and sacred space: Symbolism in the neo-vernacular architecture of Kadaton Ici in the Sultanate of Ternate

Abstract

Background: Neo-vernacular architecture represents a design approach that integrates traditional values with contemporary needs as a strategy for preserving local cultural identity. Within the context of the Sultanate of Ternate, Kadaton Ici serves as an important representation of the relationship between cultural heritage, architectural symbolism, and the concept of sacred space. This study aims to examine the symbolism embedded in the neo-vernacular architecture of Kadaton Ici and to analyze its role in representing the cultural identity of the Ternate community. Methods: The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through field observations, documentation, literature review, and interviews with informants knowledgeable about the history and culture of the Sultanate of Ternate. Data were analyzed interpretively by examining the relationships among the building’s physical elements, spatial organization, ornamental features, and the cultural values underlying them. Findings: The findings reveal that the architecture of Kadaton Ici embodies cultural symbols expressed through building orientation, spatial hierarchy, architectural forms, and decorative elements that represent the historical, spiritual, and social values of the Ternate people. Sacred spaces within Kadaton Ici are structured through a zoning system and spatial arrangement that reflect the interconnected relationships among human beings, authority, nature, and transcendental dimensions. The application of neo-vernacular principles in Kadaton Ici functions as a strategy for preserving traditional architecture while simultaneously maintaining cultural identity amid the dynamics of modernization. Conclusion: This study confirms that architectural symbolism and sacred space play a vital role in sustaining the cultural values of the Sultanate of Ternate while reinforcing the historical and cultural significance of the building as a living cultural heritage. Furthermore, the research contributes to expanding scholarly discourse and advancing a deeper understanding of vernacular architecture and the preservation of traditional built environments in Eastern Indonesia. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study integrates semiotic and neo-vernacular perspectives to demonstrate how the Sultanate of Ternate's customary law shapes the architectural form and spatial organization of Kadaton Ici.