Rural resilience in the era of climate change: Community-based natural resource governance in coastal communities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61511/icese.v4i1.2026.3643Keywords:
climate change, community-based governance, natural resource management, resilience, rural developmentAbstract
Background: Climate change is increasingly threatening the sustainability of rural communities whose livelihoods depend on natural resources. Although previous studies have emphasized the importance of community participation, local ecological knowledge, and collective governance in climate adaptation, limited empirical evidence explains how multiple community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) practices interact to strengthen village resilience within a social–ecological system. This study examines the role of CBNRM in enhancing climate resilience in villages of Rajabasa District, South Lampung Regency, Indonesia. Methods: A qualitative case study involving 24 purposively selected informants from two villages was conducted, complemented by observations and document analysis. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis focusing on four dimensions: community-based water management, adaptive agricultural practices, land conservation, and human–environment relationships. Data saturation was reached across informant groups. Findings: Community-based water governance, adaptive farming based on local ecological knowledge, collective land conservation, and strong social institutions are interconnected adaptive mechanisms that enhance village resilience. Water distribution is coordinated through farmer groups, agricultural adaptation is guided by local ecological knowledge and crop diversification, and soil productivity and water recharge areas are protected by conservation practices norms, cooperation, and local institutions strengthen adaptive capacity under increasing climate uncertainty. Conclusion: By integrating ecological knowledge, collective action, and sustainable environmental governance into mutually reinforcing adaptation strategies, community-based natural resource management enhances village resilience. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study extends the CBNRM, Social-Ecological Systems, and Adaptive Governance literature by demonstrating that village resilience emerges through the interaction of local institutions, ecological knowledge, and collective governance.
References
Adger, W. N. (2003). Social Aspects of Adaptive Capacity. In Climate Change, Adaptive Capacity and Development (pp. 29–49). Published By Imperial College Press And Distributed By World Scientific Publishing Co. https://doi.org/10.1142/9781860945816_0003
Adger, W. N., Brown, K., Butler, C., & Quinn, T. (2021). Social Ecological Dynamics of Catchment Resilience. Water, 13(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13030349
Adger, W. N., & Hodbod, J. (2014). Ecological and social resilience. In Handbook of sustainable development (pp. 91-102). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781782544708.00014
Agrawal, A., & Gibson, C. C. (1999). Enchantment and Disenchantment: The Role of Community in Natural Resource Conservation. World Development, 27(4), 629–649. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(98)00161-2
Altieri, M. A. (2019). Agroecology: Principles and Practices for Diverse, Resilient, and Productive Farming Systems. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.013.356
Anfuso, G., Postacchini, M., Di Luccio, D., & Benassai, G. (2021). Coastal sensitivity/vulnerability characterization and adaptation strategies: A review. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 9(1), 72. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9010072
Anyanwu, L., Felix, O., Ejike, I., & Anyanwu, I. (2025). Environmental governance frameworks and stakeholder engagement mechanisms for effective natural resource management at local levels. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 28(02),1998-2010. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.35850.12480
Baskarada, S. (2014). Qualitative case study guidelines. Baškarada, S.(2014). Qualitative case studies guidelines. The Qualitative Report, 19(40), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2014.1008
Berman, R., Quinn, C., & Paavola, J. (2012). The role of institutions in the transformation of coping capacity to sustainable adaptive capacity. Environmental Development, Sustainable Futures: Multi-Disciplinary Perspectives on Multi-Level Transitions, 2, 86–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2012.03.017
Beyonyi, E. Y., & Ile, I. U. (2023). Exploring Community-Based Water Resource Management in Cameroon for Sustainable Development: Insights From Indigenous Participatory Approaches. Journal of Public Administration, 58(3–1), 806–825. https://doi.org/10.53973/jopa.2023.58.3.1a5
BNPB Indonesia. (2025). Welcome—Portal Satu Data Bencana Indonesia. Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana. https://data.bnpb.go.id/
Bodin, Ö. (2017). Collaborative environmental governance: Achieving collective action in social-ecological systems. Science, 357(6352), eaan1114. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aan1114
Celata, F., & Sanna, V. S. (2019). A multi-dimensional assessment of the environmental and socioeconomic performance of community-based sustainability initiatives in Europe. Regional Environmental Change, 19(4), 939–952. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-019-01493-9
Chen, J., Yin, S., & Yang, X. (2023). The impact of adaptive management on community resilience in arid rural areas facing environmental change: An integrated analytical framework. Environmental Science & Policy, 150, 103589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2023.103589
Chen, K., Di, Q., & Chen, X. (2024). The resilience of island economy in the face of adverse shocks and its influencing factors: A case study from county-level islands in China. Marine Policy, 165, 106178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106178
Cinner, J. E., & Barnes, M. L. (2019). Social Dimensions of Resilience in Social-Ecological Systems. One Earth, 1(1), 51–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2019.08.003
Cleland, J., MacLeod, A., & Ellaway, R. H. (2021). The curious case of case study research. Medical Education, 55(10), 1131–1141. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.14544
Dardonville, M., Bockstaller, C., Villerd, J., & Therond, O. (2022). Resilience of agricultural systems: Biodiversity-based systems are stable, while intensified ones are resistant and high-yielding. Agricultural Systems, 197, 103365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103365
Dardonville, M., Urruty, N., Bockstaller, C., & Therond, O. (2020). Influence of diversity and intensification level on vulnerability, resilience and robustness of agricultural systems. Agricultural Systems, 184, 102913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2020.102913
Delgado, L. E., Zorondo-Rodríguez, F., Bachmann-Vargas, P., Soto, C., Avila Foucat, V. S., Gutierrez, R. A., Muñoz-Barriga, A., & Ferreiro, O. E. (2019). A New Environmental Governance. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28452-7_7
Dressler, W., Büscher, B., Schoon, M., Brockington, D., Hayes, T., Kull, C. A., Mccarthy, J., & Shrestha, K. (2010). From hope to crisis and back again? A critical history of the global CBNRM narrative. Environmental Conservation, 37(1), 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892910000044
Engle, N. L. (2011). Adaptive capacity and its assessment. Global Environmental Change, Special Issue on The Politics and Policy of Carbon Capture and Storage, 21(2), 647–656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.01.019
Fariss, B., DeMello, N., Powlen, K. A., Latimer, C. E., Masuda, Y., & Kennedy, C. M. (2023). Catalyzing success in community-based conservation. Conservation Biology, 37(1), e13973. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13973
Fatemi, F., Ardalan, A., Aguirre, B., Mansouri, N., & Mohammadfam, I. (2017). Social vulnerability indicators in disasters: Findings from a systematic review. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 22, 219–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.09.006
Fekete, A. (2019). Social Vulnerability (Re-)Assessment in Context to Natural Hazards: Review of the Usefulness of the Spatial Indicator Approach and Investigations of Validation Demands. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 10(2), 220–232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-019-0213-1
Folke, C., Biggs, R., Norström, A. V., Reyers, B., & Rockström, J. (2016). Social-ecological resilience and biosphere-based sustainability science. Ecology and Society, 21(3). https://www.jstor.org/stable/26269981
Foyet, M. (2024). Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) in southern Africa: History, principles, evolution and contemporary challenges. Namibian Journal of Environment, 9, C. https://doi.org/10.64640/0pvv5g41
Hoque, M. Z., Cui, S., Xu, L., Islam, I., Tang, J., & Ding, S. (2019). Assessing agricultural livelihood vulnerability to climate change in coastal Bangladesh. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(22), 4552. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224552
Julio, N., Álvez, A., Castillo, R., Iglesias, K., Rivera, D., Ochoa, F., & Figueroa, R. (2024). The Role of River Vigilance Committees to Address New Socio-Climatic Conditions in Chile: Insights from Ostrom’s Design Principles for Common-Pool Resource Institutions. Sustainability, 16(3), 1027. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16031027
Kangana, N., Kankanamge, N., Silva, C. D., Goonetilleke, A., Mahamood, R., & Ranasinghe, D. (2024). Bridging Community Engagement and Technological Innovation for Creating Smart and Resilient Cities: A Systematic Literature Review. Smart Cities, 7(6), 3823–3852. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities7060147
Lee, C.-C., Zeng, M., & Wang, C. (2022). Environmental regulation, innovation capability, and green total factor productivity: New evidence from China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(26), 39384–39399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-18388-0
Leroy, D. (2023). An empirical assessment of the institutional performance of community-based water management in a large-scale irrigation system in southern Mexico. Agricultural Water Management, 276, 108051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2022.108051
Li, T., Dong, Y., & Liu, Z. (2020). A review of social-ecological system resilience: Mechanism, assessment and management. Science of The Total Environment, 723, 138113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138113
McClanahan, T. R., & Abunge, C. A. (2019). Conservation needs exposed by variability in common-pool governance principles. Conservation Biology, 33(4), 917–929. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13258
Measham, T. G., & Lumbasi, J. A. (2013). Success Factors for Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM): Lessons from Kenya and Australia. Environmental Management, 52(3), 649–659. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-013-0114-9
Mondal, I., Hossain, S. A., Das, A., Jose, F., Altuwaijri, H. A., & Juliev, M. (2026). Exploring ML-Driven Insights on the Impact of Rising Soil Salinity on Sundarbans Mangrove Ecosystems and Ecological Sustainability Through Nature-Based Solutions. Land Degradation & Development, 37(1), 215–237. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70105
Mphande, F. A. (2016). Rural livelihood. In Infectious diseases and rural livelihood in developing countries (pp. 17-34). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0428-5_2
Musavengane, R., & Simatele, D. M. (2016). Community-based natural resource management: The role of social capital in collaborative environmental management of tribal resources in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Development Southern Africa, 33(6), 806–821. https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1231054
Nabillah, R., Setiawan, I., & Waluya, B. (2020). Kerentanan sosial pada wilayah potensi bencana tsunami di pesisir Kecamatan Rajabasa Kabupaten Lampung Selatan. Jurnal Geografi, Edukasi Dan Lingkungan (JGEL), 4(2), 96–112. https://doi.org/10.22236/jgel.v4i2.4318
Ostrom, E. (2009). A General Framework for Analyzing Sustainability of Social-Ecological Systems. Science, 325(5939), 419–422. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1172133
Piya, L., Maharjan, K. L., & Joshi, N. P. (2019). Climate change and rural livelihoods in developing countries. Socio-economic issues of climate change: A livelihood analysis from Nepal, 11-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5784-8_2
Rahman, A. F. (2025). Community-Based Approaches to Environmental Sustainability: A Social Science Review. International Journal of Social Science and Applied Technology, 1(1), 12–20. https://doi.org/10.64391/ijssat.v1i1.002
Ratner, B. D., Meinzen-Dick, R., Hellin, J., Mapedza, E., Unruh, J., Veening, W., ... & Bruch, C. (2017). Addressing conflict through collective action in natural resource management. International Journal of the Commons, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.18352/ijc.768
Reid, H. (2016). Ecosystem- and community-based adaptation: Learning from community-based natural resource management. Climate and Development, 8(1), 4–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2015.1034233
Robinson, E. J. (2016). Resource-dependent livelihoods and the natural resource base. Annual Review of Resource Economics, 8(1), 281-301. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-100815-095521
Roux, D. J., Taplin, M., Smit, I. P. J., Novellie, P., Russell, I., Nel, J. L., Freitag, S., & Rosenberg, E. (2023). Co-Producing Narratives and Indicators as Catalysts for Adaptive Governance of a Common-Pool Resource within a Protected Area. Environmental Management, 72(6), 1111–1127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-023-01884-z
Safkat, R. M., & Jafor, M. A. (2025). Sustainable Common-Pool Resource Management Through Community-Based Enterprises: A Pathway to Community Resilience in Bangladesh. OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, 18(12), 1185-1206. http://oidaijsd.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/18-12-96-106-CAD-25-R1-RMS.pdf
Shapna, K. J., Li, J., Kabir, M. H., Salam, M. A., Khandker, S., & Hossain, M. L. (2024). Strengthening adaptation in coastal Bangladesh: Community-based approaches for sustainable agriculture and water management. OAE Publishing Inc., 3. https://doi.org/10.20517/dpr.2023.41
Siders, A. R. (2019). Adaptive capacity to climate change: A synthesis of concepts, methods, and findings in a fragmented field. WIREs Climate Change, 10(3), e573. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.573
Slikkerveer, L. J. (2019). Gotong royong: An indigenous institution of communality and mutual assistance in Indonesia. In Integrated community-managed development: Strategizing indigenous knowledge and institutions for poverty reduction and sustainable community development in Indonesia (pp. 307-320). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05423-6_14
Slough, T., Rubenson, D., Levy, R., Alpizar Rodriguez, F., Bernedo del Carpio, M., Buntaine, M. T., Christensen, D., Cooperman, A., Eisenbarth, S., Ferraro, P. J., Graham, L., Hartman, A. C., Kopas, J., McLarty, S., Rigterink, A. S., Samii, C., Seim, B., Urpelainen, J., & Zhang, B. (2021). Adoption of community monitoring improves common pool resource management across contexts. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(29), e2015367118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2015367118
Stokols, D., Lejano, R. P., & Hipp, J. (2013). Enhancing the Resilience of Human–Environment Systems: A Social Ecological Perspective. Ecology and Society, 18(1), 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-05301-180107
Swart, R., Robinson, J., & Cohen, S. (2003). Climate change and sustainable development: Expanding the options. Climate Policy, 3(sup1), S19–S40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clipol.2003.10.010
Thu, E. T. T., & Middleton, C. (2024). The Robustness of Common-Pool Resource Governance in the Gulf of Mottama Ramsar Wetland, Myanmar under Pre- and Post-Political Crisis Conditions. Society & Natural Resources, 37(9), 1253–1272. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2024.2341269
Varah, F., & Varah, S. K. (2022). Indigenous knowledge and seasonal change: Insights from the Tangkhul Naga in Northeast India. GeoJournal, 87(6), 5149–5163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-021-10559-3
Waugh, W. L. (2013). Management Capacity and Rural Community Resilience. In Disaster Resiliency. Routledge.
Yadav, A. (2025). Promoting economic stability: The role of renewable energy transition in mitigating global volatility. International Journal of Energy Sector Management, 19(5), 1163–1185. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJESM-06-2024-0032
Ziem Bonye, S., Yenglier Yiridomoh, G., & Der Bebelleh, F. (2022). Common-pool community resource use: Governance and management of community irrigation schemes in rural Ghana. Community Development, 53(1), 39–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330.2021.1937668
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Simon Sumanjoyo Hutagalung, Dedy Hermawan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
