Ecoenzymes as an alternative nutrient for lettuce (Lactuca sativa L) in wick hydroponics: Supporting circular agriculture through organic waste recycling

Abstract

Background: This study aims to determine the optimal concentration of ecoenzymes as an alternative nutrient in the cultivation of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) using a wick system hydroponic medium. This effort aligns with the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 2 (zero hunger), SDG 12 (responsible consumption and production), and SDG 13 (climate action). Amid the growing challenges of food security and land conversion, the utilization of ecoenzymes derived from organic waste offers an environmentally friendly solution for sustainable agriculture. Methods: This quantitative study employed a completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments: negative control (water), ecoenzyme at 1% concentration (10 ml/L), 1.5% (15 ml/L), 2% (20 ml/L), 2.5% (25 ml/L), and positive control (AB mix 0.5%). Measured parameters included leaf area, plant height, number of leaves, leaf color, as well as fresh and dry weight. Findings: Laboratory analysis results showed that the macronutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and micronutrient content in the ecoenzyme was below that of commercial nutrient standards such as AB mix. Overall, the AB mix treatment yielded the highest growth results. Nevertheless, the use of ecoenzyme at a concentration of 10 ml (1%) showed the most optimal results among the other ecoenzyme treatments as a supplemental nutrient for increasing leaf surface area, plant height, number of leaves, as well as fresh and dry weights. Furthermore, the 15 ml (1.5%) concentration proved most effective for minimizing leaf yellowing. Conclusion: In conclusion, organic ecoenzymes have strong potential for use as biostimulants and supplemental nutrients that support the sustainability of hydroponic agriculture. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study established specific concentration thresholds for ecoenzymes derived from organic waste as effective hydroponic biostimulants, while also demonstrating their ability to support lettuce growth and promote waste-free circular agriculture and the achievement of SDG targets.